论文快速发表网

社科类论文科技类论文医学类论文管理类论文教育类论文农林类论文新闻类论文建筑类论文文艺类论文法学类论文

EI Compendex Source List（2022年1月） EI Compendex Source List（2020年1月） EI Compendex Source List（2019年5月） EI Compendex Source List（2018年9月） EI Compendex Source List（2018年5月） EI Compendex Source List（2018年1月）中国科学引文数据库来源期刊列 CSSCI(2017-2018)及扩展期刊目录 2017年4月7日EI检索目录（最新） 2017年3月EI检索目录最新公布北大中文核心期刊目录 SCI期刊（含影响因子）

本站服务项目浅谈青年教师如何开展教科研大学青年教师如何处理教学和科

论文范文

A Comparative Study of Oral Microbiota in Infants with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate or Cleft Soft Pa 时间:2017-06-19 11:39 来源:未知作者:admin 点击: 次 Abstract:Few reports have been published on the early microbiota in infants with various types of cleft palate. We assessed the formation of the oral microbiota in infants with complete cleft lip and palate (CLP ) or cleft soft palate (CSP ) in the neonatal period (T1 time) and again in the gum pad stage (T2 time). Culture swabs from the tongue, palate, and/or cleft margin at T1 and T2 were taken. We analysed the prevalence of the given bacterial species (the percentage) and the proportions in which the palate and tongue were colonised by each microorganism. At T1, Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) were the most frequently detected in subjects with CLP or CSP (63% and 60%, resp.). A significantly higher frequency of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus MSSA) was observed in CLP compared to the CSP group. At T2, significantly higher percentages of S. mitis, S. aureus MSSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and members of the Enterobacteriaceae family were noted in CLP infants compared to the CSP. S. mitis and Streptococcus sanguinis appeared with the greatest frequency on the tongue, whereas Streptococcus salivarius was predominant on the palate. The development of the microbiota in CLP subjects was characterised by a significant increase in the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria.
1. Introduction
The oral cavity, which remains sterile throughout prenatal development, becomes a diverse ecosystem colonised by numerous microorganisms during the first hours following delivery. The skin and mucus membranes of neonates are colonised by microbiota as a result of contact with the external environment. A significant part of the oral microbiota in the early neonatal period originates from the mother and is transient population of microorganisms consisting of intestinal bacteria (in neonates born naturally) [1]. The resident microbiota in this period depends mainly on external factors, including gestational age, mode of delivery, type of feeding, the length of hospital stay following delivery, and general condition [1–10]. The complex structure of the oral cavity, with its numerous recesses, the mucosal folds of the palate, and the invaginations of the cheeks and tongue, creates niches with different pH values, local oxygen concentrations, redox states, ionic compositions, buffer capacities, hydration, access to saliva, and mechanical interactions. These conditions are favourable for the development of a diverse ecosystem based on the interactions between bacteria and the host environment [11, 12]. The early oral microbiota occurring within several hours following delivery is composed of viridans streptococci and Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), which are commensals permanently colonising the oral cavity [2]. Along with other bacteria, they participate in the formation of a “colonisation cascade” that determines future indigenous microbiota [2, 5, 6].
Congenital orofacial malformation affects the structure and functions of the oral cavity, thereby significantly modifying its characteristics [13]. As a result, such malformations may exert influence on the microbiota of the environment. Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital developmental malformation of the oral cavity [14]. Neonates with complete cleft lip and palate (CLP) are characterised by the existence of communication between oral and nasal cavities extending from the upper lip and nasal vestibule to the end of the soft palate. This condition adversely affects natural sucking or even impairs the ability to swallow food [15]. Moreover, neonates and infants with orofacial cleft require specialised care to maintain proper hygiene of the incisive bone, nasal passages, and the oral cavity with special attention paid to preparation for future surgical procedures [14]. Cleft soft palate (CSP) is a less severe form of orofacial cleft with the continuity of the lips and hard palate maintained. Dysmorphia of the oral cavity in patients with this malformation affects the dorsal part of the oral and nasal cavities, which are characterised by significantly reduced communication compared to CLP [16].
Previous studies have confirmed that patients with orofacial cleft are at increased risk for the development of caries and periodontal diseases compared to noncleft children [13, 14]. Furthermore, changes in the amount and composition of oral microbiota have been reported in subjects with different types of cleft palate during deciduous or permanent dentition [17] and as the result of surgical or orthodontic treatment [18–20].
Both abnormal morphology and improper function of the oral cavity in newborns with cleft palate create a different environment from that of healthy neonates. Therefore, these abnormalities may affect oral microbiota [21]. Few reports have been published on the early microbiota in neonates and infants with various types of cleft palate.
The primary aim of the study was to compare the oral microbiota in infants with CLP and infants with CSP group. The second aim was to assess the development of the oral microbiota in subjects with complete CLP and age-matched CSP group during the neonatal period and then in the gum pad stage of the infancy period before surgery.