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Saponin Bitterness Reduction of Carica papaya Leaf Extracts through Adsorption of Weakly Basic Ion Ex 时间:2018-10-11 18:19 来源:未知作者:admin 点击: 次 Abstract:Carica papaya that belongs to Caricaceae family has long been known as a traditional medicine for dengue fever, as well as for anticancer and antiinflammatory studies following identification of beneficial phytochemicals such as saponins in the leaves. Unfortunately, the compound has been known to induce a bitter taste in the leaf extract for human consumption, making them unpopular and nonconsumer friendly. Thus, this study aims to observe the potential adsorption of saponin compound from C. papaya leaves using ion exchange resins as an adsorbent for the reduction of bitter-taste-inducing saponins. This study uses three types of weakly basic ion exchanging resins, namely, Amberlite IRA-67, Diaion WA30, and Diaion WA21J, at different adsorbent doses of 5% (w/v) and 10% (w/v). The Peleg model suggests that the extraction of saponins from C. papaya leaves lasted for 12.50 hours yield a maximum amount of saponins, 9.31 mg/g. Further study shows that there is a significant difference () of saponin adsorption percentage between these three types of resins. The Diaion WA30 resin showed the highest percentage of adsorption at 87.83% (w/w) as compared to the other two 5% (w/v) loaded resin. The 10% (w/v) resin-loaded Diaion WA30 demonstrated the highest overall adsorption capacity as much as 97.59% (w/w) with the shortest exhaustive time of 4.99 hours. The overall acceptance of samples in sensory evaluation treated with ion exchange resins gave good response in which the sample treated with 10% (w/v) resin-loaded Diaion WA30 demonstrated the highest overall acceptance in parallel with having the lowest bitterness score as compared to other samples and fresh samples (untreated). The Langmuir constant (RL) was less than one (0.167–0.398), indicating the adsorption of saponins onto Diaion WA30 was favourable.
1. Introduction
C. papaya, locally known as papaya pear or pawpaw, originates from the Caricaceae family that stems into six other genera including those of Carica, Jarilla, Horovitzia, Jacaraita, Vasconcellea, and Cylicomorphia [1, 2]. The plant has been used as traditional medicine to treat various diseases that affect human health. In Nigeria alone, it has been reported that the plant is widely used as a cure by the general population of those residing in selected local government areas of Kwara State including Moro, Ifelodun, Ekiti, Afon, and Offa for ailments such as typhoid, malaria, jaundice, diarrhea, measles, and yellow fever [3]. Meanwhile, its widespread uses in the Asia region are more likely to be associated with treatment for dengue fever. An array of studies have been reported on the use of C. papaya plant, particularly the leaves in the treatment of dengue fever that contribute to an increased thrombocytes count in rats from 948.0 × 103 to 1198.5 × 103 after 72 hours of observation following the administration of papaya leaf extracts, as well as a significant difference () in hematocrit levels between the control group and the experimental group who were given capsules made from papaya leaf extracts over the course of 6–9 days [4, 5]. There has also been a report on increased level of platelet count from 55 × 103 µl−1 to 168 × 103 µl−1, increased white blood cell (WBC) count from 3.7 × 103 µl−1 to 7.7 × 103 µl−1, as well as increased count of neutrophils from 46.0% to 78.3% over the course of 5 days in dengue patients following administration of papaya leaf extracts [6].