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论文范文
1. Introduction Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as a power source have been widely used in electrical devices, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, etc. In addition, there are a growing number of their applications that require excellent cyclability with high capacity. Hence, verifying the reliability of LIBs has become an important issue in recent years. One of the most impressive studies on aging in LIBs tracks cells during cycling and storage for up to two years to quantitatively measure the lifetime of the battery based on electrode composition [1]. However, the evaluation of the cycle performance over a long time can be problematic if it takes days or months. Therefore, new techniques are needed for the effective aging evaluation of LIBs in a short period of time [2, 3]. The evaluation of the coulombic efficiency (CE) can be used to identify parameters that affect the normal functioning of the battery such as parasitic reactions between electrodes and electrolytes observed during discharge–charge cycling. Choi et al. [4] reported an FeS2 cathode deficiency under different organic electrolytes. Their research includes calculations of the specific capacity and capacity loss rate. This kind of evaluation draws attention to special features that make it possible to determine the relation between accurate CE and capacity loss rate as a method of system optimization, and the results can be used to rank cells according to their life expectancy without the need to use tests that take long to perform [5]. This paper presents a method that utilizes the CE and capacity loss rate to determine the cyclability with a short-term test. Firstly, we investigated the CE based on the charge–discharge cycle in a normal operating process during 60 cycles. Then, to determine the aging during the discharge–charge cycle, the capacity loss rates were investigated with different particle sizes of the FeS2 electrodes. A simple comparison of CE with the capacity loss rate can be used to determine the effectiveness of the method and to validate the results using a short-term test. 2. Materials and Methods 2.1. Preparation of FeS2 Samples FeS2 (99.9%, VITZRO MILTECH) samples were mechanically milled using a planetary ball mill (PBM) (PULVERISETTE, Fritsch) for 3 hours (3 h PBM), 6 hours (6 h PBM), and 10 hours (10 h PBM) and milled using a single ball mill (SBM) for 72 hours (72 h SBM). The working electrodes were fabricated by mixing FeS2 as an active material, carbon black as a conductive additive, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder in a 60 : 20 : 20 weight ratio, respectively. The prepared slurry was cast on a copper foil with a doctor blade and dried at 120°C in a vacuum oven for 12 h. |
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