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Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Agromorphological Characteristics of Okra 时间:2017-09-12 12:43 来源:未知作者:admin 点击: 次 Abstract:Cultivation of okra in Ghana is challenged by low yield due to lack of improved varieties. Gamma irradiated okra seeds can generate genetic variability to improve the crop. Samples of 150 seeds, each of okra genotype, UCCC6, were irradiated with 400 Gy to 1000 Gy using cobalt 60 source at a dose rate exposure of 121.58 Gy/hr. There were 40 stands comprising single plant per stand in three replications per treatment in a randomized complete block design outlay. Seedling survival, plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of branches, leaf length and width, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits, length and weight of fruit, number of seeds, and 100-seed weight decreased significantly () with increasing doses of gamma rays. Seedling survival was highest (88%) at 400 Gy, followed by control (81%). However, 600 Gy, 800 Gy, and 1000 Gy had 61%, 41%, and 17% seedling survival, respectively, with LD50 at 720 Gy. Significant () correlations existed between growth and yield components. Optimum growth and yield in okra were induced by 400 Gy but the higher doses had growth retardation effects and the induced variability can be assessed at M2 generation.
1. Introduction
Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench.) is a multipurpose crop due to various uses of the fresh leaves, buds, flowers, pods, stems, and seeds [1]. It is a fresh vegetable found in almost all markets in Ghana due to its strong commercial value for resource poor farmers and its importance as food in rural and urban communities. Okra is a good source of many nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins (rich in lysine and tryptophan), vitamins A, B, and C, dietary fibre, calcium, zinc, folic acid, and iodine [2–4]. It has potential mucilage for medicinal applications [5], as a protective food additive against irritating and inflammatory gastric diseases [6]. Okra is also used as a blood plasma replacement or blood volume expander and also binds cholesterol and bile acid carrying toxins dumped into it by the liver [7, 8].
Despite the importance, the yield of okra in Ghana is low due to lack of improved varieties to mitigate climate change, diseases, pests, and edaphic factors. However, mutation breeding has proven to be a useful technique in plant improvement. Gamma rays represent one of the important physical agents used to improve the characters and productivity of many plants such as rice, maize, bean, cowpea, and potato [9]. Irradiation has also been successfully used to induce mutation in breeding of various crops and ornamental plants [10] and has proven an adept means of encouraging the expression of recessive genes and producing new genetic variations [10–12].
Doses of gamma irradiation positively affect growth and seed yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) [13]. Dubey et al. [14] showed that plant height and branches per plant were increased when okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) seeds were irradiated by different doses of gamma rays. It has been indicated that the effect of interaction between doses of gamma rays and okra genotypes was highly significant () in the number of pods per plant and seeds per pod [15]. Despite its importance as a vegetable crop, okra has received little attention in terms of breeding for yield and quality improvement in Ghana. The need to explore gamma radiation technology to induce mutation in okra is to create variable genotypes and identify desirable traits for improvement of the crop. The main objective of this study was to assess the effects of gamma irradiation on growth and yield of okra.