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Association of ABO Blood Types and Clinicopathological Features of Prostate Cancer 时间:2017-10-10 15:35   来源:未知   作者:admin   点击: 次 Abstract:Purpose. To investigate the association between ABO blood types and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Methods. A total of 237 pathologically diagnosed PC patients were enrolled. All patients were classified as low–middle or high-risk group. The correlation of ABO blood types with high-risk PC was determined by univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results. Data indicated 144 (85.7%) patients were stratified as high risk in the non-O group, while 50 (72.5%) patients in the O group (). However, there was no significant difference regarding PSA, Gleason score, stage, or metastasis between O and non-O group (). Univariate logistic regression analyses revealed PSA, Gleason score, and blood type non-O were all correlated with high-risk PC (OR = 1.139, ; OR = 9.465, ; OR = 2.280, , resp.). In the stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the association between blood type non-O and high-risk PC remained significant (OR = 33.066, 95% CI 2.391–457.323, and ) after adjusting for confounding factors as well as PSA and Gleason score. Conclusion. The present study firstly demonstrated that non-O blood type was at higher risk of aggressive PC compared with O type, suggesting that PC patients with non-O blood type should receive more attention in clinical practice.
1. Introduction
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer among males in the Western world, with more than 1.11 million new cases diagnosed in 2012 and 307,000 deaths [1, 2]. PC is also now becoming an emerging health priority in East Asia due to exposure to westernized diet and lifestyle [3]. It is expected that the incidence will substantially increase in the coming decades due to the aging population, which makes it a huge health care problem. It is crucial and desirable to evaluate and predict the risk of PC appropriately.
Although preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score in the biopsy specimen, and clinical stages are well-established predictors of PC, identification of additional factors which can help us to better estimate and evaluate the severity of PC is expected to be useful for patient counseling. The ABO blood group is determined by the presence of A or B blood group antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which consist of proteins and carbohydrates attached to lipids or proteins. ABO blood group antigens are also found in a variety of epithelial cells; therefore, the clinical significance of the ABO blood group system extends beyond transfusion medicine [4]. The ABO blood group has been associated with a number of nonneoplastic diseases [5–10]. Furthermore, associations have also been made between the ABO blood group and certain malignancies including cancers of the pancreas [11, 12], ovary [13], kidney [14], and skin [15]. For example, it has been reported that individuals with non-O blood groups have an elevated risk of developing gastric and pancreatic cancers [4].
To date, few studies have investigated potential associations between ABO blood groups and the risk of PC. Lack of association between blood type and PC risk has been reported [12]. However, to the best of our knowledge, whether ABO blood types associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of pathologically confirmed PC has not been reported. Accordingly, in the present study, we sought to determine the association between ABO blood groups and clinicopathological features including the risk of PC in 237 pathologically diagnosed patients.
2. Methods
2.1. Study Design and Population
  The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by our Institute Ethical Committee. All subject names, initials, or hospital numbers were not used in the text, table, or illustrative materials of this study.
  The study was conducted in patients with primary diagnosed, pathologically confirmed sporadic PC, between January 2011 and August 2016 at the Department of Urology at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The exclusion criteria of the study were the presence of medical history of other malignancies, incomplete information of pathological characteristics, or ABO blood type records. All data on age, body mass index (BMI), history of hypertension or diabetes, serum PSA, biopsy cancer grade (Gleason score), tumor clinical stage at diagnosis, treatment protocols, and ABO blood type status were obtained from electronic records and medical charts. All the pathological data analyzed in this study were identified from the transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy specimens. All specimens were processed according to standard pathological procedures. Tumor stage was assessed according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM classification of malignant tumors 2002. Gleason score was assessed according to the ISUP classification of 2005 [16].