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A Processor-Sharing Strategy for NFV 时间:2017-05-25 11:57 来源:未知作者:admin 点击: 次 The introduction of the two paradigms SDN and NFV to “softwarize” the current Internet is making management and resource allocation two key challenges in the evolution towards the Future Internet. In this context, this paper proposes Network-Aware Round Robin (NARR), a processor-sharing strategy, to reduce delays in traversing SDN/NFV nodes. The application of NARR alleviates the job of the Orchestrator by automatically working at the intranode level, dynamically assigning the processor slices to the virtual network functions (VNFs) according to the state of the queues associated with the output links of the network interface cards (NICs). An extensive simulation set is presented to show the improvements achieved with respect to two more processor sharing strategies chosen as reference.
1. Introduction
In the last fewyears the diffusion of newcomplex and efficient distributed services in the Internet is becoming increasingly difficult because of the ossification of the Internet protocols, the proprietary nature of existing hardware appliances, the costs, and the lack of skilled professionals formaintaining and upgrading them.
In order to alleviate these problems, two new network paradigms, SoftwareDefinedNetworks (SDN) [1-5] ndNetwork Functions Virtualization (NFV) [6,7], have been recently proposed with the specific target of improving the flexibility of network service provisioning and reducing the time to market of new services.SDN is an emerging architecture that aims at making the network dynamic, manageable, and cost-effective, by decoupling the system that makes decisions about where traffic is sent (the control plane) from the underlying system that forwards traffic to the selected destination (the data plane). In this way the network control becomes directly programmable and the underlying infrastructure is abstracted for applications and network services.NFV is a core structural change in the way telecommunicationinfrastructure is deployed.The NFV initiative started in late 2012 by some of the biggest telecommunications service providers, which formed an Industry Specification Group (ISG) within the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). The interest has grown, involving today more than 28 network operators and over 150 technology providers from across the telecommunications industry [7]. The NFV paradigm leverages on virtualization technologies and commercial off-the-shelf programmable hardware, such as general-purpose servers, storage, and switches, with the final target of decoupling the software implementation of network functions from the underlying hardware.
The coexistence and the interaction of both NFV and SDN paradigms is giving to the network operators the possibility of achieving greater agility and acceleration in new service deployments, with a consequent considerable reduction of both Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX) [8].One of the main challenging problems in deploying an SDN/NFV network is an efficient design of resource allocation and management, functions that are in charge of the network Orchestrator. Although this task is well covered in data center and cloud scenarios [9, 10], it is currently a challenging problem in a geographic network where transmission delays cannot be neglected, and transmission capacities of the interconnection links are not comparable with the case of above scenarios. This is the reason why the problem of orchestrating an SDN/NFV network is still open and attracts a lot of research interest from both academia and industry.
More specifically, the whole problem of orchestrating an SDN/NFV network is very complex because it involves a design work at both internode and intranode levels [11,12].At the internode level, and in all the cases where the time between each execution is significantly greater than the time to collect, compute, and disseminate results, the application of a centralized approach is practicable [13,14]. In these cases, in fact, taking into consideration both traffic characterization and required level of quality of service (QoS), the Orchestrator is able to decide in a centralized manner how many instances of the same function have to be run imultaneously,the network nodes that have to execute them, and the routing strategies that allow traffic flows to cross the nodes where the requested network functions are running.
Instead, centralizing a strategy dealing with operations that require dynamic reconfiguration of network resources is actually unfeasible to be executed by the Orchestrator for problems of resilience and scalability. Therefore, adaptive management operations with short timescales require a distributed approach.The authors of [15] propose a framework to support adaptive resource management operations, which involve short timescale reconfiguration of network resources, showing how requirements in terms of load-balancing and energy management [16-18] can be satisfied. Another work in the same direction is [19] that proposes a solution for the consolidation of VMs on local computing resources, exclusively based on local information. The work in [20] aims at alleviating the inter-VM network latency defining a hypervisor scheduler algorithm that is able to take into consideration the allocation of the resources within a consolidated environment, scheduling VMs to reduce their waiting latency in the run queue. Another approach is applied in [21], which introduces a policy to manage the internal on/off switching of virtual network functions (VNFs) in NFV-compliant Customer Premises Equipment (CPE) devices.